دانلود رایکان مقاله انگلیسی ISI با موضوع تخمین تقاضای بنزین در کشورهای در حال توسعه
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تخمین تقاضای بنزین در کشورهای در حال توسعه: سنگال
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Estimating the demand for gasoline in developing countries: Senegal
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1. Introduction
As the financial crisis continues to evolve globally, infinite number of questions emerge about how the crisis developed that will impact industrialized countries. Meanwhile, research and analysis have demonstrated that developing countries will be evenmore severely impacted (World Bank, 2009). For instance, countries such as Senegal (non-oil producer), with less sophisticated economies, are much less capable of adjusting to the price shocks associated with oil price increases since the 1970s and most recently in 2008. On one hand the quasi totality of energy available in Senegal (petrol, gas fuel, and electricity) are produced from imported oil which represents 35% (oil fuels) and 5% thermal power of the energy balance (UNDP, 2008). On the other hand since Senegal serves its domestic market as well as those of Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Mauritania, and Mali, I think that it would be interesting to start looking at the case of Senegal and SAR (African Society of Refinery) first, and then draw preliminary lessons from there, for the sub region. Therefore, the wide range of projections of future Least Developed Countries (LDC) energy demand suggests a need for better information about energy-economy in the LDCs.
1) مقدمه
با استمرار بحران مالی تا رشد در سطح جهانی، سوالات نامحدودی در این مورد پیش می‌آید که این بحران چگونه رشد یافته است که روی کشورهای صنعتی شده تأثیر می‌گذارد. در این ضمن، تحقیقات و تحلیل‌ها نشان داده‌اند که کشورهای در حال توسعه حتی شدیدتر تأثیر می‌پذیرند (بانک جهانی ۲۰۰۹). مثلاً، کشورهای مانند سنگال (تولیدکننده غیرنفتی)، که جزء اقتصادهای با پیچیدگی کمتر محسوب می‌شود، توانایی‌اش در تطبیق با شوک‌های قیمتی ناشی از افزایش‌های قیمت نفت از دهه ۱۹۷۰ و به تازگی در سال ۲۰۰۸ بسیار کمتر است. از یک سو، تقریباً کل انرژی موجود در سنگال (بنزین، سوخت گازی و برق) از نفت وارداتی تولید می‌شود که ۳۵٪ (سوخت‌های نفتی) و ۵٪ از توان حرارتی انرژی موجود را به خود اختصاص می‌دهد (UNDP ۲۰۰۸). از طرف دیگر، سنگال بازار داخلی خود و نیز بازار گامبیا، گینه بسیائو، سیرا لئون، لیبری، مایوریتانیا و مالی را سرویس‌دهی می‌کند. بنظر جالب این است که ابتدا به مورد سنگال و ابتدا SAR (جامعه پالایشگاه‌های افریقا) بپردازیم و سپس از آنها درس‌هایی مقدماتی برای مناطق حومه بگیریم.
کلمات کلیدی
Estimating the demand for gasoline in developing countries: Senegal ... https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014098831100106X by SO Sene - 2012 - Cited by 31 - Related articles This paper estimates the aggregate demand for gasoline in Senegal from 1970 to 2008. The long-term and short-term elasticities of demand with respect to ... [PDF]LPG Markets in Developing Countries - World Bank Documents documents.worldbank.org/.../en/.../674520NWP00PUB0084180LPG0Report0Web.pd... by M Kojima - 2011 - Cited by 56 - Related articles Masami Kojima. World Bank | Oil, Gas, and Mining Policy Unit Working Paper ..... gas (LPG). The. International Energy Agency estimates that more than 40 percent of .... smaller in Morocco and Senegal, where LPG in small cylinders are ..... In contrast, residential and commercial demand for LPG for cooking and heating—. [PDF]Senegal - IMF https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/dp/2013/afr1304.pdf by A High - Related articles Oct 2, 2018 - Senegal : achieving high and inclusive growth while preserving fiscal .... Reconciling the satisfaction of the country's social and development needs with fiscal .... Sources: World Bank database and IMF staff estimates. by about ..... in capacity to match an increasing power demand, the supply of electricity. [PDF]Price and Income Elasticities of Gasoline Demand in Iran - Scientific ... https://file.scirp.org/pdf/ME_2014080710231630.pdf by VM Taghvaee - 2014 - Cited by 12 - Related articles Aug 7, 2014 - Gasoline Demand, Price Elasticity, Income Elasticity, Static Model, ECM, .... short run and long run price and income elasticities in Senegal, using log ..... Estimating the Demand for Gasoline in Developing Countries: Senegal. Pricing Policy and Household Energy Use in Dakar, Senegal - jstor https://www.jstor.org/stable/4191933 by A Tibesar - 1990 - Cited by 13 - Related articles tries of the Third World, "energy" means fuelwood or charcoal. In Africa ... the contrary, urbanization of the poor increases the demand for wood, as the charcoal they ... The survey was designed to provide an estimate of the probable impact ... depend on imported oil for the production of electricity and bottled gas. (butane). [PDF]Demand for Gasoline in United Arab Emirates - IntechOpen cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/.../InTech-Demand_for_gasoline_in_united_arab_emirates.... by M Al-Mansoori - 2012 - Cited by 1 - Related articles the country is nearly 8.1 million and its human development index (HDI) is a ... Sene[8] estimated the aggregate demand for gasoline in Senegal from 1970 to 2008. ... examined a cross-section survey of 90 Nigerian households in estimating a ... [PDF]West Africa LP GAS Market Development Study - WLPGA https://www.wlpga.org/wp.../west-africa_lp_gas_market_development_study-2.pdf Urban areas currently account for 65% to 90% of total national demand for the four countries (Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana and Senegal) analyzed in detail ... Senegal - SEforALL Africa Hub https://www.se4all-africa.org › SEforALL in Africa › Country Data Senegal electricity access reached 88% of the population in urban areas, while in rural ... The Global Tracking Framework estimates the national access to clean ... to the implementation of the SEforALL Country Action, with the development of the ... biomass) by 2017 and to save about 40% of electricity demand by 2020. Short-Run and Long-Run Elasticities of Diesel Demand in Korea - MDPI https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/5/12/5055/htm by KM Lim - 2012 - Cited by 15 - Related articles Nov 28, 2012 - Thus, diesel demand is relatively inelastic to price change and elastic to income ... Literature review on estimates of the elasticities of gasoline and diesel demand. ..... the demand for gasoline in developing countries: Senegal. [PDF]Domestic demand - ESMAP https://www.esmap.org/.../Rpt_SSA_downstream_sector_SSA_Petroleum_Products_Jan_... Figure A8.3: Senegal Gasoline Pump Price vs Spot Price FOB MED & Pump – Spot Differential ...... corresponding to the landed cost used to calculate retail prices; .... 2008 and January 2009 in 48 and 49 developing countries, respectively
