آی اس آی پیپر

دانلود رایکان مقاله انگلیسی ISI با موضوع تقاضای بنزین در سوئیس

عنوان فارسی مقاله:

کشش تقاضای بنزین در سوئیس

عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Elasticities of gasoline demand in Switzerland

دانلود رایگان مقاله ISI با فرمت PDF:

مشاهده توضیحات کامل و خرید ترجمه فارسی با فرمت ورد تایپ شده:

قسمتی از مقاله انگلیسی و ترجمه آن:

1. Introduction
Measuring the determinants of gasoline demand is essential to understand the evolution of energy consumption in the transport sector and to judge the impacts of economic and environmental policies. In Switzerland, transport is one of the major contributors to CO2 emissions and the environmental objectives (e.g. in terms of emissions or noise) are particularly difficult to attain. In ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, Switzerland committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions between 2008 and 2012 by 8% compared with 1990 levels. Under likely scenarios, it seems this target will just be met (FOEN, 2013). A new CO2 Ordinance, which entered into force in 2013, states that domestic greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by 20% compared to 1990 levels by year 2020. Implementing policy instruments, like CO2 taxes, requires information on the price sensitivity of gasoline demand. The objective of this paper is to investigate the determinants of gasoline demand in Switzerland, and to assess their impact on consumption. Among others, we focus on the impact of prices and measure the price elasticities of demand in the short and in the long run. Thanks to the rich dataset we built, we are able to use several additional covariates. Contrarily to what is usually done in typical studies on gasoline demand, not only price and income are considered as determinants, but also vehicle stocks, gasoline prices in neighbouring countries, oil shocks, and fuel taxes. All of these additional variables are found to be significant drivers of gasoline demand.

1) مقدمه