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دانلود رایکان مقاله انگلیسی ISI با موضوع مدل سازی تقاضای بنزین در ایالات متحده

عنوان فارسی مقاله:

مدل سازی تقاضای بنزین در ایالات متحده: روشی نیمه پارامتری و انعطاف پذیر

عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Modeling gasoline demand in the United States: A flexible semiparametric approach

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1. Introduction
Gasoline demand has been widely studied in the last 30 years. After the negotiation of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, concerns about increasing greenhouse gas emissions and global warming have renewed interests in this area in the last decade. Besides environmental regulations, imposing a gasoline tax is one way to reduce gasoline consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector. The effectiveness of such a tax largely depends on how gasoline demand responds to price changes, the measurement of which calls for a properly specified demand model and precise estimation of the price elasticity. A reduced-form demand model applied to aggregate data to estimate the demand for gasoline has been, by far, the most preferred and dominant approach in both the academic and non-academic literature. Hundreds of studies have been conducted to assess the price elasticity and income elasticity of gasoline demand at country or region levels. There are also a great number of reviews and surveys attempting to synthesize and compare the results of those studies (e.g., Basso and Oum, 2007; Blum et al., 1988; Dahl, 1995; Dahl and Sterner, 1991a,b; Drollas, 1984; Espey, 1998; Goodwin, 1992; Goodwin et al., 2004; Graham and Glaister, 2002; Sterner and Dahl, 1992). However, there are substantial differences in the estimates of both price elasticity and income elasticity

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