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دانلود رایکان مقاله انگلیسی ISI با موضوع کاهش خستگی در سطح تماس غلتشی در راه‌ آهن پر تردد سوئد

عنوان فارسی مقاله:

کاهش خستگی در سطح تماس غلتشی در راه‌ آهن پر تردد سوئد

عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Alleviation of rolling contact fatigue on Sweden’s heavy haul railway

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1. Introduction
The “Malmbanan” is a heavy haul railway which carries iron ore from mines in the far north of Sweden, beyond the Arctic Circle, to ports and steel works on the coast in Norway and Sweden. It is essentially a single line with several passing loops, and was built almost 80 years ago specifically for the purpose of carrying iron ore. The line predated the road link across northern Sweden by several decades. The traffic is primarily in unit trains, with electric locomotives pulling a trainload of wagons that run on fairly conventional three-piece bogies with 25 tonne axle loads. There is typically about 23 MGT of traffic per annum on a line that is fairly highly curved, with a typical curve radius of 400 m. The main part of the Malmbanan, on which most of the work described here has been undertaken, is the line from the mine at Kiruna to the Norwegian port at Narvik. This is about 140 km long track from Kiruna to the Swedish/Norwegian border. There is a steady climb towards the border, followed by a rapid descent into Narvik. There are lines to other mines and also from Kiruna south towards the Swedish port and steel mill at Lulea.

1) مقدمه