آی اس آی پیپر

دانلود رایکان مقاله انگلیسی ISI با موضوع راهنمایی مدیریتی برای مزیت رقابت

عنوان فارسی مقاله:

اسرار تجاری: راهنمایی مدیریتی برای مزیت رقابت

عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Trade secrets: Managerial guidance for competitive advantage

دانلود رایگان مقاله ISI با فرمت PDF:

مشاهده توضیحات کامل و خرید ترجمه فارسی با فرمت ورد تایپ شده:

قسمتی از مقاله انگلیسی و ترجمه آن:

1. Strategic secrets
Aggressive conditions have long resulted in strategic secrets. From Sun Tzu’s military strategies to Ulysses S. Grant’s secrets for battlefield supremacy to Salvador Dalı´’s surrealistic imagery, the art and science of strategic success has been the yin and yang of strategic prowess. The importance and power of secrecy is evidenced in Sawyer’s (1997) translation of effective strategy and leadership from a Dao-conceptualized viewpoint. With secrecy as weaponry, leaders have long relied on secrets for protection, and this reliance on secrecy extends to the intellectual property of the firm. Rather than provide competitors with potentially useful information via a patent application, secrecy is often viewed asthe more appropriate course of protection (Anton & Yao, 2004). Most organizations keep and protect secrets, spanning all functional areas of business. For example, the research and development and marketing functions are concerned with product formulations, new product specifications, product launch dates, and sales/revenue data. Production and information systems managers guard operational processes, while the human resources division tries to shield payroll information from both internal and external eyes. From a strategic perspective, this secrecy can serve as a significant resource and a building block for competitive advantage. The significance of such a resource can be so important that competitors may attempt appropriation of secrets through observation, trickery, industrial intelligence gathering, and theft–—including the recruitment of other firms’ knowledgeable employees.

۱. اسرار استراتژیک