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دانلود رایکان مقاله انگلیسی ISI با موضوع تاثیر هوش هیجانی بر بهبود کار گروهی

عنوان فارسی مقاله:

تاثیر هوش هیجانی بر بهبود کار گروهی: مورد بخش عمومی (مرکز ملی اداره دولتی و دولت محلی)

عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

The impact of emotional intelligence on improving team-working: the case of Public Sector (National Centre for Public Administration and Local Government – N.C.P.A.L.G.)

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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی :

2. Literature review

2.1. Emotional intelligence

The term “emotional intelligence” was first used in 1990 by Salovey and Mayer, who have defined emotional intelligence as the ability to recognize, understand and manage emotions both our own and others. As research progressed and more scholars start dealing with the concept of emotional intelligence, various models, more or less known, were developed. The basic models that developed fall into two categories: the models that consider emotional intelligence as ability (ability EI) which is associated with the ability to control emotions, how to deal with situations/challenges and those who consider emotional intelligence as a characteristic (Trait EI) which is directly associated with the personality traits. Finally, there are researchers that consider emotional intelligence a mixture of these models and provide a more broad interpretation of the concept, so in this case we refer to mixed models (Pappas, 2013). The main difference between the two dominant models of emotional intelligence (Ability Model & Trait EI) lies to the way of measurement. The measurement of emotional intelligence as ability displays similarities to the traditional measurement of intelligence in which the "right" answers are set objectively and absolutely. In the measurement of emotional intelligence as a trait the "right" answers have not been determined in advance, the respondent is asked to use a scale (e.g. 1 to 5). On this basis a profile is created which is completely subjective and reflects more the way in which someone sees himself rather the way others do. The two main models of emotional intelligence differ both conceptually and empirically. As stated above the ability model is associated with the traditional way of measurement intelligence, academic success, how to deal with different situations and managing emotions. The model of emotional intelligence as a trait is related more to the personality and the way we choose to react (Jensen, Kohn, Rilea, Hannon, and Howells, 2007).