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دانلود رایکان مقاله انگلیسی ISI با موضوع آزادی اقتصادی، کارآفرینی فرصت و ضرورت در کشورهای OECD

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چگونه آزادی اقتصادی، کارآفرینی فرصت و ضرورت در کشورهای OECD را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد

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How economic freedom affects opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship in the OECD countries

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2. Literature review

n recent years the effects of economic freedom on entrepreneurship has been researched in a number of studies with diverse conclusions. First, focusing on international studies using entrepreneurship indicators provided by GEM, Sobel, Clark, and Lee (2007) conduct a cross-sectional study for 22 OECD countries in 2002 by using the EFI provided by the Fraser Institute. They find that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the level of economic freedom and total entrepreneurial activity. Furthermore, they point out that the size of government and regulation are the most important areas of economic freedom for determining rates of entrepreneurship. In the same way, Powell and Rodet (2012) examine the impact that economic freedom (EFI) and societal approval of entrepreneurs have on rates of total entrepreneurial activity. They find that both cultural legitimation of entrepreneurs and economic freedom, specifically the area of economic freedom related to size of government, are associated with increased rates of entrepreneurship in a cross section of 21 quite diverse countries from different continents. They highlight the existence of some empirical evidence in support of Baumol's argument that both quality of institutions and social approval of entrepreneurs affect the prevalence of productive entrepreneurship.