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دانلود رایکان مقاله انگلیسی ISI با موضوع استفاده از لجن آب بتن آماده در بتن حاوی یک ماده افزودنی و یا آمیزه

عنوان فارسی مقاله:

استفاده از لجن آب بتن آماده در بتن حاوی یک ماده افزودنی و یا آمیزه

عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Use of ready-mixed concrete plant sludge water in concrete containing an additive or admixture

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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی :

3. Test results and discussion

3.1. Basic properties of sludge water

The chemical properties of sludge water and tap water are listed in Table 2. Two types of alkalinity measurement were performed. The first type, described by ASTM C94 (2004), reports the alkalinity in terms of equivalent alkali units calculated from the chemical equation Na2O þ 0.658K2O. This alkalinity measurement is not widely used due to the requirement for special equipment and testing in the dry state. In the second type, alkalinity is reported as the total alkalinity in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This measurement is widely used for water analysis due to the convenience of testing samples in the liquid state. The average total solids content of the sludge water samples was 56,400 parts per million (ppm), which is greater than the limit of 50,000 ppm specified by ASTM C94 (2004). The pH and alkalinity of the sludge water samples were higher than the tap water. Levels of chloride ion (Cl) and sulfate ion (SO4 2) in both the sludge water and tap water were below the limits specified in the standard.