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دانلود رایکان مقاله انگلیسی ISI با موضوع استخراج حرارتی از سیستم‌ الگوی چاه زیرزمینی به منظور بهره برداری از انرژی زمین گرمایی

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استخراج حرارتی از سیستم‌ الگوی چاه زیرزمینی به منظور بهره برداری از انرژی زمین گرمایی

عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Heat extraction of novel underground well pattern systems for geothermal energy exploitation

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2. Novel underground well pattern systems

With the development of the advanced drilling technology, drilling a vertical or inclined well to the depth of around 4000 m have been technologically mature [24]. Horizontal drilling technology also develops rapidly, e.g., the common horizontal wells were about 1000 m long and the longest horizontal well was 1630 m by 1994 [25], and Maersk Oil Qatar completed drilling the world-record longest well in May 2008 offshore Qatar including a horizontal section measuring 10.9 km [26]. Moreover, the advances in drilling technology for slim holes (bores less than 165 mm diameter), micro holes (bores less than 102 mm diameter), and ultra-slim diameter wells (bores between 25 and 74 mm diameter) [27e29] offer the feasibility to design different well configurations for optimally extracting the geothermal energy at minimal cost using underground well pattern systems.

Two novel underground well pattern systems were proposed as shown in Fig. 1 (a) and (c) in which the vertical wells and horizontal wells were connected with inclined wells. For the convenience of simulation and analysis, the designed systems were simplified to Fig. 1 (b) and (d) for calculation. The first system consisted of four injection wells at four vertexes of a rectangular, eight horizontal wells pointing to the same direction, and one production well. The working fluid was pumped into the injection well and flows out of the production well all along in the tubing without contact with surrounding rocks. The production mass flow rate was four times of the injection mass flow rate in a single injection well. All produced heated working fluid entered the power generation system on the ground, flowed separately to the target injection wellhead through transport pipelines, and was injected into the wellbore to constitute a circulation loop. The second system was composed of four symmetric annular wells. Each annular well served as a completed channel in which the working fluid was injected and produced. The injection and production wellhead was relatively close to each other to reduce the pressure drop through transport pipelines after the power generation system, and insulation measures should be taken for the upper production well to eliminate the heat transfer between the injection and production parts. The generation power and generation efficiency after the operating time of 30 years, which are determined by the injection and production temperature, pressure and mass flow rate, are significantly influenced by the layout of the well pattern in a specific geothermal reservoir and within a certain budget. Particularly, the distances between different parts of the channels should be discreetly designed to avoid the thermal break-through of the rocks between them.