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دانلود رایکان مقاله انگلیسی ISI با موضوع تاثیر هماهنگی بر مشارکت در بازار عمده فروشی

عنوان فارسی مقاله:

تاثیر هماهنگی بر مشارکت در بازار عمده فروشی: مورد صنعت برق ایالات متحده

عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

The impact of coordination on wholesale market participation: The case of the U.S. electricity industry

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قسمتی از مقاله انگلیسی و ترجمه آن:

1. Introduction
On December 20, 1999, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC or “the Commission”) issued Order No. 2000 in Docket No. RM99-2-000, a docket opened to explore the role of Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs) in the restructured electricity marketplace. The role of a RTO is to administer the electric transmission system, ensuring open access to the grid for all electricity generators. The FERC noted that since FERC Order 888 was issued in 1996, trade in the bulk electricity markets had increased significantly. FERC also noted that during the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking process for the instant docket, the Commission had “reviewed evidence that traditional management of the transmission grid by vertically integrated electric utilities was inadequate to support the efficient and reliable operation that is needed for the continued development of competitive electricity markets, and that continued discrimination in the provision of transmission services by vertically integrated utilities may also be impeding fully competitive electricity markets.” 2 FERC further enjoined utilities, state officials, and affected interest groups to voluntarily develop RTOs. Despite the urging of FERC, there remain substantial portions of the United States electricity grid that are not administered by RTOs or Independent System Operators (ISOs). While there are structural differences3 between the two types of organizations, the basic function of providing transparency in wholesale electricity pricing remains. Since that is the function analyzed in the paper, the terms ISOs or RTOs as used here are effectively indistinguishable.

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